| | | | | ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ︵1889 — 1927︶᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ | ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠾᠧᠪᠧᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠲᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1907 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1913 ᠣᠨ | ᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1913 | ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠸᠠᠰᠧᠳᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠺᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ᠂ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠮᠦᠬᠦᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠪᠣᠰ︾ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠷᠠᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠣ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠷᠣᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | 1916 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 5 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠦᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠩᠬᠤ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ | ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ︽ᠬᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠰ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠰᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1917 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ | ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠫᠷᠦᠹᠧᠰᠰᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠯ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠰᠤᠷᠲᠠᠬᠤᠨ᠂ ᠹᠸᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠹᠧᠣᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠳ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠭᠢᠯᠤᠮᠠ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠨᠢ | ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠴᠤᠭ ᠰᠦᠯᠳᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1917 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠳᠡ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠹᠷᠠᠨᠼᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ︾᠂ ︽ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠪᠤᠯᠱᠸᠧᠢᠭ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ︾᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠪᠠ ᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠬᠢᠴᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠭ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠦᠰᠡᠯ ᠡᠷᠡᠮᠡᠯᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠨ᠄ ︽ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠥᠮᠪᠥᠷᠴᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠰᠢᠵᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ ᠯᠠᠪᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠷᠲᠢᠨᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠯᠳᠡᠷ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠥᠩᠨᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1919 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ︾ ᠰᠡᠳᠭᠦᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ︽ᠮᠢᠨᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯᠲᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠧᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠣᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠬᠦᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠦᠭᠴᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠭᠦᠦ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1920 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠣᠮ᠃ | ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ | ᠢ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1922 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ᠂ ᠱᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩᠵᠧᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠨ ᠵᠦᠩ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ᠂ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠮᠠᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠢᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡᠲᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠮᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | 1927 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠲᠠᠭᠤ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠬᠤᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠣ᠂ ᠢᠮᠠᠭᠲᠠ ᠢᠲᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠡᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠭ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠦᠯᠦ | ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠷᠠᠰᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠮᠡᠬᠦᠶᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 4 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 28 ᠤ | ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠲᠣᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠠ ᠦᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ 38 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠯᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠭᠠᠷᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠳᠭᠦᠯᠲᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠭᠤᠸᠠ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠨᠣᠮ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠬᠡᠪᠴᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠬᠡ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠠ ᠣᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠳ 20 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠯ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ | ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠶᠠᠭ ᠯᠦ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠰᠡᠨᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ᠄ ︽ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠥᠨᠢᠳᠡ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠂ | ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪ ᠬᠥᠷᠥᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠥᠷᠯᠥᠭ ᠬᠥᠰᠢᠶᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | | | |