| | ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ︵1912 — 1989 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠨᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ 1912 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 18 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦᠵᠡᠶ᠂ ᠲᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ | ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠲᠤ ︵ᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠭᠤᠯ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨᠠ᠃ | 1926 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠳᠣᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠳ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠨ᠋ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠭᠯᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠦᠰᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠳ | ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠯᠬᠠ ᠪᠠᠯᠴᠢᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠬᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ | ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1928 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩᠪᠦ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ | ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠴᠢ ᠬᠥᠳᠡᠯᠮᠦᠷᠢᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠤᠮᠵᠢᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ | ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠬᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠬᠡᠭᠯᠡᠯ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠮ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠶᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | 1938 — 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠣᠨᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠽᠧᠩ ᠫᠧᠢ᠂ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ | ᠱᠧᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠰᠢ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ 1941 | ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠳᠡᠯᠡᠬᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠷᠰᠡᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠬᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ | ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠳᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠ ᠨᠥᠬᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ | ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠩᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠢ | ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ | 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠲᠡ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ | ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠤᠪᠢᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 14 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠠ | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠱᠸᠤ ᠱᠠᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠮᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠬᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠨᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠴᠢ ᠡᠸ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠩᠰᠠᠷᠵᠠᠪ ᠢ ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠪᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠥᠴᠥᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠳᠦᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | 1947 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠺᠦᠢ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠬᠤᠩ ᠪᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠦᠦᠰᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠲᠤ ︽ᠪᠦᠰᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠ︾ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠱᠠᠲᠣᠨ ᠤ | ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠢᠩᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ᠂ ᠦᠦᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ 1948 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 2 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ | ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ | 3 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ | ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠺᠤᠮᠠᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠴᠢ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩᠪᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠮᠡᠬᠡᠶᠢᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡ | ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠳᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 8 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 22 ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠫᠠᠷᠲ᠋ᠢᠽᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ | ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠃ 23 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠤᠨᠰᠦ᠋ᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ | ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠣᠹᠢᠼᠧᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠬᠠᠭᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠰᠢᠨᠡ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ | ᠡᠯᠡ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1950 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠭᠦᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ | ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ | ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ | ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠮᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠩᠨᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠨᠵᠡᠭᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ᠂ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠪᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠵᠦᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠣᠳᠠᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠥᠭᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠳᠬᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠴᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠳᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰ ᠭᠦᠵᠢᠷ ᠠᠮᠰᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠳᠬᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠲᠡᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠡᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤᠷᠤᠯ | ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠥᠭᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ | ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠷ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ 1983 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠮᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠦ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡᠰ ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠪᠡᠰᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠥᠭᠦᠮᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠢᠳᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠣᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠳᠣᠷᠢᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ 1989 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 10 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ 16 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩᠱᠧᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ 75᠃ | | | |