| | ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ︵1912 - 1984 ᠣᠨ︶᠂ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠲ᠋ᠢᠩ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠬᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠯᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ︽ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ | ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠸᠢᠢᠫᠢᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠣᠣᠶᠠᠩ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠯᠠᠨᠵᠧᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩᠪᠦ᠋ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ 1938 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠪᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠬᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠰᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠬᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠠᠬᠢ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠰᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠬᠤᠲᠣᠩ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ︾ ᠪᠠ ︽ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠰᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ | ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠷᠪᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠬᠦ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ 1941 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ᠂ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ — ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ — ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠰᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1943 | ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ | ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1940 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠ ︽ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ︾ | ᠢ ᠡᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠬᠦᠰᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠷ | ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ︽ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ︾ ᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠬᠦᠦ | ᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠡᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠣᠪᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠲᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠦ | ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠳᠴᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠬᠦ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ | ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠯᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ | ᠱᠧᠩ᠂ ᠾᠧ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠩ ᠺᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠳᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ᠂ | ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢᠭᠤᠳᠠ ᠡᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠣᠳᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠥᠪᠳᠡᠯᠴᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠡᠬᠢᠯᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ︵ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠣᠩᠰᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ︽3 · 26︾ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠤᠪᠰᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠰᠢ | ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠤ ᠭᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠷᠦ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠵᠠᠩ | ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠳᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠣᠵᠣ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ᠂ ᠲᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠧᠩ | ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠷᠮᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠠᠪᠰᠢᠯᠲᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ | ᠡᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠴᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠳᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ | ᠱᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠢᠳᠡᠪᠬᠢᠲᠡᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠢ ᠣᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ | ᠢ ᠥᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠮᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩᠪᠦ᠋ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠱᠠᠨᠵᠢᠮᠢᠳᠤᠪ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠠᠩ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ | ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠮᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠴᠧᠩ᠂ ᠦᠯᠵᠡᠶᠢᠬᠤᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠲᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 14 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠸᠧᠨ ᠰᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ | ᠱᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠲᠦᠩ ᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠳᠣᠣᠷᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠰᠢᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠰᠲᠠᠢ | ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠪᠤᠰᠤᠳ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠡᠯ ᠮᠥᠷᠭᠦᠯᠳᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ | ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠪᠥᠭᠡᠳ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠰᠣᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠣᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠬᠡᠢ ᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠯᠲᠡ ᠶᠣᠰᠣᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ ︵ᠣᠨᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠴᠥᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠺᠠᠳ᠋ᠷ︶ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠳ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠴᠦᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ᠂ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠪᠬᠤᠷᠭᠠᠲᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠦᠯᠬᠦᠮᠳᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠦᠦᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠣᠲᠤᠭ᠂ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠰᠣᠯᠭᠠ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠷᠢ | ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 1949 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠤᠷ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ | ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠮᠡᠯ ᠹᠷᠣᠨᠲ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ | ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠣᠯᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠲᠥᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠷᠳᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ︽ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ | ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢᠰᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠯᠡ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠲᠤ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠢᠨᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠯᠧᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ︾ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠮᠠᠷᠺᠰ | ᠯᠧᠨᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠩᠰᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 1978 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠦᠭᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠦᠨᠳᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠱᠦᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ | ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1981 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠩᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ | ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠬᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠭᠦᠨ᠂ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠧᠦ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠱᠠᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠪᠠ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠰᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠣᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ | 1984 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ 72 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡᠪᠡᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠣᠷᠰᠢᠲᠠ ᠳᠣᠮᠳᠠᠳᠣ ᠣᠯᠣᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠪ ᠬᠠᠮᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠵᠢᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠢᠪᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠣᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | | |